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Helios Probes: Pioneers of Solar Exploration
The Launch and Mission Objectives
The Helios-A and Helios-B probes, also known as Helios 1 and Helios 2, were monumental in the study of solar processes. Launched from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on December 10, 1974, and January 15, 1976, respectively, these probes were a collaborative effort between the Federal Republic of Germany and NASA. Their mission was to investigate the interplanetary medium from Earth’s orbit to about 0.3 AU (Astronomical Units) from the sun.

Record-Breaking Achievements
Helios 2 set a record by flying three million kilometers closer to the Sun than its predecessor, reaching a perihelion of 0.29 AU (approximately 43.432 million kilometers) on April 17, 1976. This distance placed it slightly inside Mercury’s orbit, setting a record for the closest approach to the Sun by any spacecraft at that time. Both probes are noted for achieving a maximum speed record among spacecraft at 252,792 km/h.

Scientific Contributions and Legacy
Equipped with a variety of scientific instruments, including a fluxgate magnetometer and various particle detectors, the Helios probes provided invaluable data on solar winds and magnetic fields. Despite the end of their primary missions in the early 1980s, the data transmitted back to Earth until 1985 continues to be vital for solar research. The probes remain in their elliptical orbits around the Sun, a testament to their enduring legacy.

Hubble Space Telescope: Revolutionizing Modern Astronomy
Development and Deployment
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST), launched in 1990, is one of NASA’s Great Observatories. Its development faced numerous challenges, including budget cuts and technical delays, notably the Challenger disaster. Despite an initial setback with its main mirror, a servicing mission in 1993 corrected the flaw, fully restoring its capabilities.

Impact and Discoveries
Hubble has made profound impacts on our understanding of the universe. Positioned outside Earth’s atmosphere, it provides exceptionally clear images, contributing to major astronomical breakthroughs. These include the accurate measurement of the rate of expansion of the universe, insights into black holes, and observations of distant galaxies and celestial phenomena.

Servicing Missions and Future Prospects
Unique among space telescopes, Hubble was designed to be serviced in space. It underwent five successful servicing missions, the last in 2009, which have extended its operational life. Hubble is expected to continue functioning until at least 2014, working alongside its successor, the James Webb Space Telescope.

Conclusion: NACA to NASA – A Legacy of Innovation
The transition from NACA to NASA facilitated a new era of space exploration, characterized by groundbreaking missions like the Helios probes and the Hubble Space Telescope. These initiatives have not only expanded our knowledge of the cosmos but have also demonstrated the incredible capabilities of human ingenuity and cooperation in the pursuit of scientific advancement.

First of all, you must consider what purpose your LED strip lights are going to serve. Are you looking for high luminosity working lights to your shed or workstation? Or are you looking for decorative lighting behind your bathroom mirror? LED strip lights as working light require a cold and bright light, meaning that the colour temperature should be around or above 7000 Kelvin. Cold and bright lights above 7000 Kelvin will effectively illuminate the desired area and the objects within, increasing your ability to see specific details of the objects, which is why it is preferred as working light. Decorative lighting is the exact opposite. Serving a purpose of making areas and objects appear more visible, while creating a sleek ‘designer’s look’ wherever it is installed. If your LED strip lights should serve a decorative purpose, make sure to keep the colour temperature under 5000 Kelvin. With some LED strip lights, you will have the possibility of dimming the brightness – with these, you should be aware of the maximum voltage load, as these vary from product to product.

How long or wide is the area you wish to illuminate? Get some measuring tape and find out to begin with. When purchasing your LED strip lights, be aware that it might not be possible to have your specific length delivered – you may have to round down. Every LED strip light has cutting points, where you can cut and adjust the length. The most common intervals of these cutting points are 2.5cm, 5cm and 10cm. Some products have cutting points per diode, meaning there is a cutting point after every second, third or fourth diode. If you purchase LED strip lights with cutting point intervals of 5cm, but your kitchen cabinet measures 58cm, you would have to round down to 55cm.

Price and quality goes hand in hand, and when you are buying LED strip lights, the cheapest product will be of the poorest quality on several parameters. High-quality LED strip lights can be up to 20 % more energy efficient than strips of poor quality. High quality strips will also have an up to 25 % longer lifespan than strips of poor quality. This means that spending a more money on LED strip lights of high quality will actually save you money in the long run – both in terms of wattage consumption and lifespan. LED strip lights of poor quality will also be more vulnerable in rough environments, where shocks, dust and moisture can easily ruin the entire strip.